2020 and 20121

In 2020, there is no achievement in Vision 2020.

Unforeseen hits all sectors, survival is a bonus.

The virus is color blind, Pandemic Pain is the new buzzword.

Priests and monks pay respect to doctors.

Science is the solution to the problem.

In 2021, the rush for vaccines against the virus has begun,

In search for recovery in the turbulent age,

New norm brings new opportunities and threats,

Unprecedented circumstances need unconventional solutions,

"Changes" is the key to revival in the new decade.

Science, Law, Philosophy and Life

Science is the basis of all engineering and forensic investigations. Every action results in an equal force of reaction.

Law is a collection of principles based on justice and fairness. It offers insight to dispute resolutions and equable ways of life.

Philosophy is a series of beliefs that guide us in the darkness. Spring reaches after the hard winter.

Life is a relentless process of attribution. What goes around comes around. 

Struggle in the cold winter..

 Days and nights interchange every day, regardless of who comes into and leaves your life.

Issues and problems come and resolved, those with determination will survive and losers run away. 

Faces change every day, nice faces prevails during good time but true faces surface during the hard time.

Hardship and crisis must be analyzed and learned from, failing which it will crush you again.

Happiness must be dealt with due care, humbleness and perseverance is the key to progress.

Achievement does not come easy, mistakes. hardship and learning is part of the journey to success.

Eagles have sharp eyes, strong claws and beaks, They are regarded as the kings of the sky. When they spread their wings, they can travel like wind hunting for their prey.

Despite their speed and strength, they have their weaknesses, too. 

When they reach 40 years old, their feathers become too thick and hinder their movement. Their beaks become too long and curved, hindering their normal eating. Their claws age and become brittle, causing them to fail to grasp their preys. 

At this point, they have 2 choices, either to die or to to be reborn.

Being the Kings of the sky, the eagles will fly to the summits and build their nets on the cliffs. 

For five months, they stay in the net and the painful process of reborn takes place. Firstly, they hit their beaks to the stones until they detach. When the new beaks grow to maturity, they use them to remove the claws. When new claws grow to maturity, they use them to remove the feathers.

When new feathers grow thick and strong, this is the moment the eagles spread their wings again. At this point, they are ready to reach the higher latitude of the sky, in search for self actualization and the ultimate goals in their life...

Being at the age of 40s, I have been chasing my dreams and excellence with decades of study, searching for the knowledge and experiences in preparation for the ultimate goals. Perhaps it is time for rebirth..

Microbial Contamination and Indoor Air Quality - The Malaysia Context

When we wheeze, sneeze, cough, contract fever or inflammation due to unknown sources of germs, do we think about where these irritants or germs come from? Historically, the doctors have been focusing on the sources from our body contact, foods, drink and biological response of our bodies. Little has been known in the passage of germs through our environment via inhalation. This can be caused by the limited knowledge in the huge diversity of microorganisms, their metabolites and mixture of other chemicals or pollutants that exists in the air that we inhale.

Indeed, we eat approx 1 kg of foods, drink 2 kg of drink and inhale 10 kg of air everyday.  In other words, we inhale approximately 10,000 liter of air daily. Thus, the pollution in the environment around us poses a serious threat that we normally overlook. In reality, a huge diversity of germs, pollutants and irritants can enter our bodies easily to our respiratory tracts via inhalation.

The hot and humid climate in Malaysia, coupled by the rich soil and vast vegetation, provides heavenly condition to foster the proliferation of microorganisms. They comprise of the biggest biomass in the tropical rain forest and play an important role in decomposing organic wastes and recycling nutrients to nurture the soil. The nutrients are then absorbed by the plants for continuous vegetative growth and support other wildlife.

Microorganisms exist naturally in our environment including the air. They include airborne bacteria, viruses, molds, the spores of bacteria and molds, and their fragments. They also exist on our skins and some of them play an important in keeping the cleanliness and hygiene of our bodies. Although not all microorganisms are pathogens that cause sickness, their excessive existence in the indoor environment is associated to threaten our health directly. Healthy adults have the immune systems to combat these pathogens. Nevertheless, children, pregnant women, the elderly, the sick and the immunosuppressed patients are more susceptible to the invasion of these microorganisms.

Excessive existence of microorganisms in indoor spaces is associated to the dampness in the buildings. This can be linked to the factors of growth of microorganisms whereby they need air, food, humidity and the correct temperature to grow, thrive and multiple. Of all these factors, air, foods in the dusts and building materials, and the comfortable thermal environment for our daily activities in the indoor environment are all hospitable enough to support the microbial growth. Moisture control is the variable factor in prevention microbial growth in the indoor environment.

Due to the visibility of molds as compared to the viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms, molds have become an indicator for microbial growth.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there have been reported death cases caused by “Toxic Black Molds”, the deadly Legionnaire Disease and the rapid surge of allergic and asthma cases globally. Scientists in the developed countries like the USA and Europe have looked into the impact of Damp Indoor Environment to the Environmental Health and Indoor Air Quality. Although researches are still on-going, it has been concluded that microbial growth in indoor environment is associated to Sick Building Syndrome, Building Related Illnesses and development of allergy and asthma that impair the quality of life of the occupants.

A number of voluntary guidelines have been issued to facilitate the building related professionals and health professionals by agencies and bodies related to industrial hygiene and public health. These bodies include Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (USA), Environmental Protection Agencies (USA), Health Canada, Institute of Medicine (USA), American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (USA), Institute of Inspection, Cleaning, Remediation Certification (USA), International Society of Indoor Air Quality (USA) and America Industrial Hygienists Association (USA) and New York City Department of Health (USA). In view of the seriousness of such issue as a global public health concern, the World Health Organization has issued “WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Dampness and Mould” in 2009. These agencies have a view in common; visible molds are not tolerable for public health concern.

There are more than 1,500 published research papers and scientific publications about how molds and other indoor airborne pathogens can bring about illness and allergy to us. However, the most profound and comprehensive research was conducted by Institute of Medicine (USA) with a publication of “Damp Indoor Spaces and Health” in 2004. The report indicated that damp indoor spaces do not only attract microbial growth, it also induces the growth of allergens like the dust mites, rodents (mites and rats), termites, cockroaches and vermin. In addition, sufficient evidence of an association between Damp Indoor Environments and Mold Health Outcomes in the illnesses as follows:

• Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms like Nasal Congestion, Rhinitis, Allergic Rhinitis “Hay Fever”, Sneezing, Runny or Itchy Noses, Sinusitis and Sore Throat
•  Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms include cough with or without phlegm, wheeze, chest tightness and shortness of breath
• Asthma symptoms in sensitized persons with Asthma
• Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in susceptible persons
• Severe Respiratory Infection in people whose immune system is severly immunocompromised
• Fungus-related illnesses in people whose immune system is severely immunocompromised and who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Colonization and potential lung infection in people with some chronic pulmonary disorders

Besides, there is suggestive association of the Damp Indoor Space and Respiratory Illness in otherwise healthy children. This view coincides to the study conducted by Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (USA) whereby children in homes with visible mold are 49 percent more likely to have asthma than kids not exposed to the problems. In addition, the risk of nasal allergies is 39 percent higher among children in moldy houses, too.

There have been mold outbreaks reported in Malaysia in the hospitals, universities as well as commercial buildings in Malaysia.Tremendous attention was given to the safety of indoor air during the outbreak of SARS and H1N1 recently. The attention has been extended to the Malaysian scholars and scientists as evidenced by the several researches conducted in mold contamination in the local tertiary education centres recently.  In July 2005, the Department of Occupational Safety and Health launched a Code of Practice in Indoor Air Quality. The acceptable limits for Biological contaminants are included in the latest Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010. These acceptable limits are 500 cfu/m3 for total bacterial counts and 1,000 cfu/m3 for total fungal counts.

A comparative study conducted across continents in 2007 to 2009 showed that the common indoor molds in hotel rooms in the tropical areas may have 10 to 100 times higher compared to those in the temperate climate zone. In a study that involved 8 secondary schools and 32 classrooms in Johore in 2010, the mold level in these classrooms was 50 time higher than the day care centre in Sweden, using the same sampling and analysis methods. In 2011, a research conducted by University Putra Malaysia in five randomly selected primary schools indicated the average concentration of bacteria in the classrooms with natural ventilation were 1025 ± 612 cfu/m3, an unsafe level as compared to the acceptable limit mentioned in the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality. In 2005, seroprevalence studies for the Legionella bacteria was conducted in water samples collected from randomly selected cooling towers in Malaysia. The study revealed that Legionella bacteria can be found in 75 percent of samples.  Although there was no report death caused by Legionella, substantial population is exposed to these bacteria and sporadic infections have been reported.

The high level of microbial concentration in the indoor environment in Malaysia in general poses serious threat to the occupants as the most commonly found bacteria and molds are pathogenic. In addition, many molds that thrive in the indoor environment are potent mycotoxins producers.  For instance, Aspergillus and Penicilium can be commonly found in indoor environment in Malaysia. Some genera of these molds produce mycotoxins which are mutagenic, toxic and carcinogenic (cause cancer). Stachybotrys Chartarum, commonly known as the “toxic black mold” produces toxic mycotoxins and microbial Volatile Organic Compounds that can lead to chronic respiratory illness and toxicity including pulmonary hemosiderosis and proinflammatory cytokines.

Colonization of microorganisms in the indoor environment in Malaysia is associated to the hot and humid climate. High humidity level is associated to the regular rain with average annual rain fall of above 2,500mm and high level of humidity between 60 percent to 100 percent in the outdoor environment. As a result, water intrusion caused by rain water and ground water is pervasive. Secondly, due to the hot climate, buildings are built with air tight design and vented by mechanical cooling and ventilation systems. Nevertheless, poor ventilation, wear and tear, human activities and condensation due to insulation failure have been evidenced in causing elevated indoor humidity in these buildings. Poor maintenance in the air filtration system, blocked dripping pan in cooling coils, leaky air ducts and cooling towers with bio films have been repeatedly reported to cause elevated humidity and microbial contamination.

There are three key strategies in prevention of indoor molds, namely

• Source Control
• Dilution
• Dehumidification

Source Control by means of engineering methods is the most effective and cost saving in long run. Appended hereunder are some common methods

• Roof system with damp proofing, sealants, flashing, gutters and drainage that channel rain wate
• Damp proofing system in toilets, kitchen, laundry areas with sewerage pipe systems to channel used domestic water
• Exhaust fans in toilets and kitchen to vent out moist air
• Positive air pressurization in air tight buildings prevents intrusion of uncontrolled external moist air
• Dripping and drainage pans in air conditioning systems
• Local exhaust ventilation for plants that remove combustion gases or vapor
• Rectification, maintenance and replacement of the above mentioned system in the event of wear and tear

Dilution by mean of fresh air supply and mechanical ventilation increase the air exchange in the buildings. However, the success of dilution depends on the weather condition and the quality of external air because air pollution depends on the locations, industrial activities and vegetation around the buildings. Subject to the type of pollutants, air cleaning, dehumidification and filtration may be necessary before it is supplied to the buildings.

Dehumidification is a mechanical means of removing water vapor in the air. This is the last option in the event that Source Control and Dilution produces limited result in controlling ambient humidity. Dehumidifier must be run continuously and the power consumption is a recurring cost to the building owners.

Many gimmicks in air cleaning have been marketed to the end users. In 2009, Environmental Protection Agency, USA (“EPA”) conducted comprehensive studies and published a guide in residential air cleaner to clear the doubt commonly found in the general public in relation to the effectiveness and risks of various air cleaning technologies. In general, air cleaning without Source Control, Ventilation and Dehumidification is ineffective in reducing air pollution. The risks and limitation of the cleaning system must be studied before adoption in the buildings.

Most mechanical air filters can capture large particulates like pollens, dusts, dust mites, cockroach allergens, some molds and animal dander. However, these particulates settle quickly before they can be captured in the filters. Small particulates can be effectively captured by High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters or filters with MERV ratings from 7 to 13. The effectiveness of the air filtration depends on the regular replacement or servicing of the filters which can be a recurring financial burden. They cannot remove gaseous pollutants like Volatile Organic Compounds, formaldehyde, etc in the contaminated air.

Ultra Violet Germicidal Irradiation (“UVGI”) adopts air sanitization with the use of Ultraviolet C (“UVC”). It can disrupt the DNA of the microorganisms and render them inactive and harmless to us. Its effectiveness depends on the exposure of the microorganism to the irradiation, susceptibility of the ultra violet inactivation of different microorganisms and their spores (fungal spores are the most resistant to UVGI), dust coverage on the UVGI lamps, the ability of the microorganism to repair their damaged DNA and the wear and tear of the UVGI lamps. Being a low penetrating radiation, it can cause damage to our eyes, expedited skin aging and skin cancer if not shielding properly and leak to the environment. Besides, it also produces ozone gas which irritates the lungs and triggers asthma attack amongst asthmatic patients.

Ozone cleaners are sold as air cleaner because Ozone Gas is a strong oxidation agent. It is claimed that Ozone Gas oxidizes organic pollutants and decomposes to other forms which are harmless. However, ozone at ground level is a lung irritant and air pollutant. The acceptable limit of concentration is 0.05ppm. At this level, it has been scientifically proven that it takes too long for the reaction of the oxidation cleaning. Furthermore, for many of the chemicals with which Ozone does readily react, the reaction can form a variety of harmful or irritating by-products.

Ionizers which are also known as “Electronic Air Cleaners”, are devices that disperse negatively (and/or positively) charged ions into the air. These ions attach to particles in the air giving them a negative (or positive) charge so that the particles may attach to nearby surfaces such as walls or furniture, or attach to one another and settle out of the air. In recent experiments, ionizers were found to be less effective in removing particles of dust, tobacco smoke, pollen or fungal spores than either high efficiency particle filters or electrostatic precipitators.

Photo catalytic oxidation (“PCO”) is another oxidization agent which is claimed to be stronger than Ozone Gas in controlling indoor pollutants including microorganisms. EPA found that application of PCO is limited because currently available catalysts are ineffective in destroying gaseous pollutants from indoor air. In addition, oxidation of some chemicals available in indoor environment can produce more harmful by-products that worsen the indoor air quality.

Air duct cleaning has never been scientifically proven to improve indoor air quality, according to EPA. Normal settlement of dusts and spores in the air ducts is harmless. Indeed, air duct cleaning is needed in the event of excessive dust clogging, identification of visible molds and infestation of vermin.

Perfume sprays are widely installed in the offices to combat musty odor with “pleasant scent”. Little has been known about the impact of such perfume in the deterioration of indoor air quality. Researchers concluded that perfume-scented strips can cause exacerbations of symptoms and air way obstruction in asthmatic patients. Excessive use of perfume has been known to cause skin and respiratory allergy.

Anti Microbial Coating may help in controlling colonization of microorganisms after the adoption of Source Control, Ventilation and Dehumidification strategies. However, colonization in the hidden areas without the application of the anti bacteria coating will persist should humidity is not controlled. Use of anti microbial coating is subject to stringent regulations by the Authorities. The use of Nano Silver is common but it has received tremendous attention recently due to the potential damage to the environment, especially to the aquas livings. 

Some building cleaners clean or disinfect the moldy surfaces continuously in order to remove the visible molds. In some cases, the author evidenced painting of moldy surfaces with paint as a mean to “cover up” the microbial growth. However, the molds will return within 48 hours, if the dampness persists. Killing and removal of molds with detergent or disinfectant without moisture control render limited improvement in indoor air quality in long run as dead mold fragments and spores are equally allergenic. Cleaning is also ineffective in removing the hidden molds at inaccessible areas.

In the event of Mold Outbreak, a preliminary physical inspection is needed to assess the seriousness in contamination and extend of the remediation work. Use of professional diagnostic tool like Infrared Thermographic Imager, Borescopes, Moisture Meters, Manometers and Humidity Meters are needed to identify the source of water infiltration. In addition, knowledge in Non-Destructive Testing methods like ASTM D5957-98(2005), ASTM C1060 and ASTM F2170 (2011) are useful in determining the sources and level of moisture in different components in the buildings. A thorough themodynamic study will be conducted to evaluate Air Flow, Heat Flow and Moisture Flow. Depending on professional judgment, decontamination process which involves erection of containment and Negative Air Pressure Exhaust Fan with integrated HEPA filters in order to prevent cross contamination to other areas. The adoption of protection of workers with proper Personal Protection Equipment is vital to protect the workers and other professionals who involved in the work. Firstly, the water infiltration must be controlled and stopped. Then, moldy surfaces will be cleaned by vacuum cleaning with HEPA filters. Then, the irrecoverable porous materials will be packed, labeled and physically removed to a designated disposal site. Materials with hard surfaces will be damp wiped and/or disinfected. Lastly, the contaminated site will be dehumidified, evaluated before the containment is removed and the spaces restored for normal activities.

In conclusion, microbial contamination is pervasive although majority of us are unaware of or overlook its seriousness. Continuous efforts are needed to create such awareness and more mandatory guidelines are needed in enforcing and maintaining sound indoor air quality as a public health concern. There is no quick fix and gimmicks in sound Indoor Air Quality and Mold Prevention. Indeed, Moisture Control via sound building design, construction quality and maintenance practices are the key in moisture control and prevention of microbial contamination.

Junctions

I drive on a road known as "life". Without doubt, there are many junction, turning, slope, beautiful and awful scenaries along the way.

Recently, I encountered numerous junctions, holes and hit stones. They came one after another and I avoided some but somehow, I fell and injured. Then, I heard noices from my car and I noticed my tires went misaligned. So, I did stop, rested for some time and examine my car. This time, the injury extended from the car to my body and eventually to my heart. What has gone wrong recently? I doubted my driving skill and questioned about the performance of my car.

Perhaps this is not something negative to have a pause when I hit problems. This time, I stopped, went under a tree, took fresh air, washed my face and reflected what has gone wrong in the past. In dismay, I was in desperation in search for light in the darkness. At some point in time, I felt like abandoning the car and walked away.

Far away, a friend noticed and has been asking me about my condition. At home, my parents and spouse also noticed the change. For almost three months, I hardly speak to them. Deep in my heart, I appealed to God for help and guidance but I believed that God will help those who help themselves. So, I chose to look into myself for answer.

It was such frustrating moments that I suffered but unlike previous cases, I manage to control my temper and anger and did not put the blame on other persons. I saw growth in my inner self. Although my car suffered from breakdown and my body and emotion suffered from injury in different forms, I am delighted that I still have the strength to rise up and recover. Perhaps, the benefits of such injury include paradigm shift and a re-examination of myself. Indeed, we can see people and things at an unique angle that we hardly have in good time. Now, I have new insight of others and myself. With all these in hand, I believe I can navigate my car better in future.

In comparison to the pain suffered by my grandmom and father, I am not in such poor condition.

No matter how hardly one fall, he must find a way to heal himself, rise up and resume his life. Nothing is too late for a change so long that we are still breathing. Life must go on...

Change for betterment...

Should there be any force moving to the right, there will be resistance to the left.


Should there be any change in place, there will be resistance for change.

Should there be any problems, there will be solutions for it.

Should there be any obstacle in front of you, there will be a way to overcome it AND elevate you to another lattitude for better and further view...

THE KEY IS PERSISTANCE AND GO ALL WAY OUT TO GET THE SOLUTIONS...

Challenges

The current ecomonic condition posts a lot of challenges to us. In every crisis, there is opportunity. What can make us different is the choice of response, preparedness, sustainability and strategies


Some people are so frustrated and choose to abandone their efforts and leave. Some people stay calm and look for ways for survival or even prosperity.

I am listening to the song "Where do broken hearts go" by Witney Huoston from Youtube. Her song gives me a sense of hope and inspiration because she said the broken hearts would find their way hope. Perhaps at this point in time, home is a place for inspiration and security. However, I always tell myself, "unless I am dead, I will rise again no matter how many time I fall down"

Strategist

At top management or strategic level, we set the direction to "do the right thing" - the strategies. In the execution of the strategies, we must "do the thing right" - the methodology to execute the strategies in the battle fields.

We may refer to books in history and strategies for the way great leaders set strategies at different point in time and contexts. However, due to the differences in the context and age, we must adopt these strategies
in consideration to our own unique contexts and environment. I like a Chinese cliche that say "If one read and adopt what the authors of books said whole heartedly, better do not read any book". The key is to understand the historical path that lead to current situation and learn from the great leaders how they solve their problems and crisis. Understanding in the historical path can help us to analyse and predict the future better. The KEY is exercise, broad general knowledge, in depth knowledge in your field, system thinking, ability to analyse, strategise and execute under intense pressure. By solving problems regularly, one can become a dispute resolution expert and strategiest.
The Confucious says "a genuine man do business for profit without forgoing his principles, dignity and values". They take profits from the society and return them in due course for the benefits of the society

Laws of Nature - Equilibrium

Ying and Yang are symbolic words for opposition, i.e. Positive and Negative, Male and Female, Strong and Weak, Dynamism and Stagnance, complimentary and contradictary forces in the nature, etc. It is believed that the cosmo is regulated and operated in the Laws of Equilibrium whereby the Ying and Yang forces correspond and react continuosly with each other in dynamism in search for a state of equilibrium.

On the other hand, the five elements, namely Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth stands for physical creature, symbolic items or environments with their attributes or properties that resemble the elements respectively. The five elements are the core of nature whereby they work in either affinity or enmity with each other. They also represent "Movement", "Changible" and "Development" and each of them have their Ying and Yang sides, too.

In our life, the Yang and Yang, and the five elements prevail. Some people who exert pressure to change the current situation will encounter resistance in opposite direction eventually. A move from equilibrium is possible should it is conducted in a way that do not forgo principles of Law of Equilibrium. Balance is the Key. For instance, sustainable health can be achived when we exert enormous amount of efforts and time in achieving your goals without forgoing the need for rest and attainment in emotional fulfillment.

Historically, any development of civilisation and advancement involved development of knowledge, technology and humanity. However, on the words of civilisation, there are too many instances where we develop our technology for the comfort of ourselves faster than the way we can develop our humanity. Greed and ignorance of human caused incredible disturbance to the Mother Nature. We exhaust and take the Mother Nature for granted greedily and selfishly without seeing the big picture what damage can we do to the Mother Nature. Let us take the closest example for discussion now. We turn on the air conditional system to cold down our workplace and the outdoor compressors are working hardly to emit the heat to the environment. Imagine how many air conditional systems are out there emiting Green House Gases to warm up our Environment and Earth. The cumulative effect of such damages should not be taken lightly. Global warming is bringing us the Act of God which is devasting and deadly to our living and life.

The equilibrium of Nature has been disturbed and what have we done. Every year, the "Great 8" meets and hardly achieve any consensus in the assistance to the poorer and less fortunate countries. Furthermore, they hardly take any determined actions in reducing Green House effect in order protect their economic growth. Scarcity mentality is so prevalent. To the public, this is merely a party where the celebritis and "World Leaders" rest and socialise among themselves.

Now, we are playing a chess game with the gigantic "Mother Nature" who is angry and planning its revenge. Elements are working to regain the Balance. More natural disasters and diseases are on their way to counter our greed and ignorance to mess up the Laws of Equilibrium. So, what element can we adopt to counter such angry "Mother Nature"? We need leaders who can see the situation as a whole instead of in parts. We may live in different continents, regions or countries. However, we all live in "the Earth". System thinking is a powerful tool to assist us to link different components in our world so that we can see the big and thorough picture. Also, we need strategists to find the leverage in order to "turn around" such difficult chess game. He must be able to bring us all to a vision for sustainability so that our civilisation can persist. He should collaborate with other leaders, scientists and engineers to build up a sustainable environment in search for Green Technology instead of the technology in military for the seek of soveriegnty, both politically and economically.

I pray to God so that HE will send us such person to help us before the Judgement Day.

(Referance: http://www.chinesefortunecalendar.com/5EBasic.htm)

3 Footed Altar

Three footed Altar can be found in temples where people put joss sticks. The Chinese word of the said item carries special meanings which amazed me sometimes ago.

The three foots represents "Power", "Wealth" and "Fame". The big "Bowl" with holds the Content represents "Value", "Personality" and "Dignity".

Imagine, if the foots grows higher, the altar will become more unstable. Should any of the foot grow indefinitely by itself, the "bowl" will start to jerk aside and shall collapse eventually.

The greed of "Power", "Wealth" and "Fame" worsen the situation. Indeed, we must understand that they are not sinful by itself.

Power is entrusted to a person so that he can make decisions professionally for the benefits of his organisation.

Wealth is the reward for carrying out the work professionally and in due course.

Fame is the recognition of the professional work.

Should any of these is taken for granted and goes toward polarity, one's Values, Personality and Dignity will collapse. Then, he will be in bigger hunger for "Power", "Wealth" and "Fame" and the cycle multiplied leading to irrational move toward "Insanity".

How much Power do we need to execute the appointed job professionally? How much money do we need to live confortably? How famous do we wish to be in order to feel the recognition by others? What will happen if the "Power", "Wealth" and "Fame" overwhelmes a person's mind?

Carbon Cycle and Titanium Dioxide

Carbon in Nature

The three most important substances that make life possible are water, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The primary structural and functional element in all living things is carbon. All carbon in protein, fat, carbohydrate and other organic molecules in living things is derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide. Without atmospheric carbon dioxide, life as we know it would not be possible.

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of our planet Earth. Carbon is stored in four major reservoirs:

• The atmosphere

• The biosphere (including freshwater systems and ground soil)

• The oceans (including dissolved inorganic carbon)

• The sediments (including fossil fuels)

Carbon is exchanged between these reservoirs via sequences of various chemical reactions and biological processes.

Carbon exists in the Earth’s atmosphere primarily as the gas carbon dioxide. Although it is a very tiny percent of the atmosphere (approximately 0.04%), it plays an essential part in supporting life. In particular, plants absorb carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight to produce carbohydrate, and release oxygen into the air. This process is known as photosynthesis, and provides plants with the key organic compounds required to support life.

In nature, carbon can then be released naturally back into the cycle in many different ways with the most common being respiration, decay of animal and plant matter, and the release of dissolved carbon dioxide from the oceans by marine life.

Carbon in Today’s World

Disruption of the natural carbon cycle occurs with human intervention and the results of exponential growth in the world’s population. Burning of fossil fuels releases stored carbon, increasing the overall percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Today, the debate continues on whether global warming is myth or fact. However, what is certain is that combustion of fossil fuels through industrial activities, vehicle exhaust fumes, smoking, use of petrochemical products in buildings, etc, produces by-products which affect the quality of the air which humans breathe. These by-products are tiny particles, whose chemical composition, particle shape and size are all factors that determine how they impact human health.

The primary by-product of burning fossil fuels is carbon dioxide. However, this exists naturally in the carbon cycle. Of more significance in impacting human health are the by-products of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and hydrocarbons. Suspended particles from these compounds can combine in the atmosphere to form tropospheric ozone, the major constituent of smog.

Carbon monoxide is a deadly toxic gas, undetectable by smell that can harm or kill animals, plants and people. It is produced during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Inhalation is poisonous and causes headaches, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, light-headedness and, in extreme cases, death . People with heart disease will be susceptible to more stress on the heart. Motor vehicles are the primary source of carbon monoxide.

Impact on Air Quality from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels

Both nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide are also produced in combustion. Unlike carbon monoxide which cannot be detected, nitrogen oxides are yellowish-brown in colour and are the major contributor to haze in city air, injury to plants and destruction of forests near industrial areas. Oxides of nitrogen are emitted by internal combustion engines, power stations, furnaces, cars and fertilizers. Exposure to oxides of nitrogen may lead to death from pulmonary lesions (due to reduced partial oxygen pressure in the lungs); sudden death from spasms of the lungs and respiratory failure; pulmonary oedema; or inflammatory responses in the bronchiole system.

Sulfur oxides are another common by-product of combustion and released into the environment. Exposure to air contaminated with sulphur dioxide will cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs, resulting in choking and coughing. Individuals with asthma are particularly sensitive to sulphur dioxide.

Both nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides are primarily irritants to human health. The by-products of major concern are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings, whose resulting structure determines whether they are non-toxic or highly toxic. Polycyclic hydrocarbons are not only caused by combustion of fossil fuels, but are also formed by incomplete combustion of wood, coal, diesel, fat, tobacco or incense.

How Our Homes and Offices Affect Health

Hydrocarbons, and other gaseous pollutants, have been the subject of debate for years. Various studies have examined the effects of various fuels on the environment.

What the majority of the general public is less aware of is the quality of the air in our homes and office. Indeed, people spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors. Every day, they consume 25,000 litre of air a day. Inhaling air of poor quality everyday causes Sick Building Syndrome can lead to stress, respiratory illnesses headache, conjunctivitis, asthma, cancerous diseases, etc has become increasingly popular and debatable issues nowadays.

The Environmental Protection Agency’s Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) studies have found levels of about a dozen common organic pollutants to be two to five times higher inside homes and office than outside, causing sick building syndrome to the occupants therein .

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are chemicals emitted as gases from wide variety of sources. There are literally thousands of different VOCs produced, most of which are potentially harmful to health. Levels of VOC exposure in indoor air vary widely depending upon factors such as the building ventilation rate, outdoor concentrations and the time spent in the effected environment, be it home or office.

The walls of buildings emit VOCs from paints; the doors and floors emit VOCs from varnishes, wood preservatives and other solvents. Aerosol sprays, cleaners, disinfectants, repellents, air fresheners and pesticides all emit varying levels of VOCs. Newspapers, printers, photocopy machines, correction fluids, paper and permanent markers all produce VOCs within the office environment. Even less apparent sources such as dry-cleaned laundry, cosmetics and cooking can all cause adverse health effects from emission of VOCs.

Further key contributors to indoor VOC contamination are new carpets, new furniture, idling motor vehicles parked in attached garages, new paint jobs, chemicals stored in the home, recently applied adhesive as well as new plastic or electronic devices. From the materials which make up the building to the chemicals which are used to keep the home “hygienic”, these are all sources of VOCs .

How VOCs Affect Air Quality

Volatile Organic Compounds are gases that are emitted at room temperature. Under the term “organic”, these compounds all contain carbon. Upon entering the air, they react with oxides of nitrogen (in the presence of sunlight) to form ozone. This photochemical process is difficult to control as it is a very natural reaction which takes place close to ground level.

Ozone in the atmosphere is beneficial to human life as it filters potentially damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth’s surface. However, ozone at ground level is a highly reactive gas which pollutes the air and damages human health, the respiratory systems of animals, and vegetation.

Breathing air with high concentrations of ozone can aggravate symptoms of sufferers with pulmonary diseases and increase rates of asthma attacks. Other acute effects of ozone exposure include eye irritation, nose irritation, throat irritation, headaches, nausea and dizziness. There is also evidence to show that prolonged exposure to ozone can cause permanent lung damage, cancer, kidney damage as well as interference with the functioning of the immune system.

Removing Hazardous Volatile Organic Compounds from the Air

There are many different methods for removing or minimising VOCs from the air. However many factors need to be considered in determining the effectiveness of each of these methods.

Source control can be employed to eliminate products from the home that contain high levels of VOCs. Some sources, like asbestos or chipboards, can be sealed or enclosed. However, not all pollutant resources can be identified and practically eliminated or reduced.

Increasing ventilation, especially in the presence of new products or appliances, can be achieved simply by opening windows or doors. Unfortunately, this often brings in air from outside which contains other contaminants from outdoor fuel combustion, etc. In addition, there are limits on measuring the effectiveness with which the airborne pollutants are removed from indoor air.

Air cleaners or purifiers come in many different forms and variations. Generally air purifiers work by removing pollutant particles from the air via filters, activated carbon, oxidation systems, ionisers or ozone generators. The fact remains that each process may remove different contaminants, limiting the full effectiveness of these systems. These filters can be blocked by ducts or particles which reduces its effectiveness as well. Regular maintenance is required for these devices. In particular, there are consumer concerns over the use of ozone generators, given that ozone on ground level is a highly reactive and damaging gas.

A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Removing VOCs from Our Life

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium, mostly found in the minerals rutile, anatase and brookite. It has been classified as Class 4A inert ingredient which is safe to human health . Pure titanium dioxide is produced from chemical processing to leave a pure, white pigment which is odourless and absorbent.

Titanium dioxide in rutile form has a variety of uses, but by far the most widely used application is as a pigment for providing whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, paper, inks, fibres, food, toothpastes and cosmetics.

Titanium dioxide is also a potent photo-catalyst, particularly in the anatase form. Under ultraviolet light, UV- A (fluorescent lamps provide sufficient UV-A for such purpose), it has been found that almost any organic compound can be broken down at its surface, in the presence of water vapour. As a result of the photo-catalytic properties of titanium dioxide, new technologies have been developed to capitalise on environmentally beneficial products, with particular interest on the effectiveness of VOC removal.

In the late 1970s, scientists had already begun to realise to potential of titanium dioxide. When exposed to ultra-violet light of a certain wavelength, in the presence of water vapour, two highly reactive chemical species are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2-1]. Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidisers, capable of breaking down any organic matter into carbon dioxide and water (both of which are then harmless to the environment).

An innovative nano Titanium Dioxide coating has been developed recently for the reaction to produce a revolutionary product useful in air purification, water and wastewater remediation and as an advanced cleaning solution . With one application of its spray-based technology, organic molecules, no matter whether they are the result of grime, oils, VOCs or part of the cellular walls of bacterial microbes, are broken down into carbon dioxide and water. This ultra-fast reaction literally takes place in billionths of a second, in the presence of light, water vapour (present in the air) and titanium dioxide.

In addition, the superoxide anions which are produced in this reaction then bind with nitrogen oxides in the air to reduce the harmful components of smog and acid rain down to harmless nitrogen dioxide.

Superior generation of active oxygen anions is at the core of the smog-reducing power of Nano Titanium Dioxide solutions.

The effectiveness of nano-particle of anatase titanium dioxide has been confirmed in the extensive Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for De-pollution Assessment (PICADA-Project) .

Conclusion

The Environment Protection Agency of USA has invested heavily into researching the revolutionary product of Nano Anatase Titanium Dioxide is a “Green Technology” and harmless to humans. It has become the only solution for air quality, with the potential to replace air cleaners, purifiers, ioner and ozone generators . Nano Titanium Dioxide stands out from the range as an effective means to reduce Volatile Organic Compounds, ozone at ground level, carbon monoxide, and micro-organisms of all types in the air. The true benefits of Nano Titanium Oxide to human health has yet to be tested and realised in Malaysia.

Written jointly with Emily W

Mother Nature vs Tiny Men

The greed of human causes vast deforestation, green house effect and harm to the Mother Nature. Eventhough we are aware of what we did cause the harm to Mother Nature and it is on Its way for revenge, we are still unaware of what we should do next. This could be due to our existing system in the economy, historical burden and the way we are used to live. Well, the Mother Nature is angry now. It is roaming and revenging with more ailment, natural disaster and stronger events to come. How many life has the Mother Nature claim in the past decade? Uncountable? I really have no idea.

I experienced the power of Mother Nature again during my last visit to the Morib Beach. The wave that hit me was gentle. However, I cannot image how tiny I could be if the wave roamed and swallow me with anger. I will have to say "Bye bye" to you in seconds. Then, I looked at the vessels which passed by emitted smoke in the Melacca Strait and asked myself, yes, we may contribute a little smoke via our cars, kitchens and air conds everyday, but do you know that if everyone do so, what will our next generation pay for our enjoyment and confort that we are enjoying now? Who else will suffer from our enjoyment? Do you want to leave a world with frequent natural disaster to your children and grand children? Perhaps we should return to the system thinking (Peter Senge in the Fifth Discipline) to draw out a diagram which can show the whole picture, the causation of our action, the result brought about by our conduct, other contributing factors and how this cycle continues and multiplies. Do you know that while you are sitting reading this email, what type of Volatile Organic Compounds (from carpet, paint, furniture, solvent, computers, printers and photostating machines, abestos from the acoustic mineral fibre ceiling board, plaster ceiling, etc etc) you are inhaling now? How much green house gases have you contributed? What processed food have you taken? What vitamin suppliment which the pharmaceutical companies make distorted and baseless claim have you taken? This is all caused by the greed and ignorance of human. It leads to poor environmental, mental and physical health to us. We may speak marvel but conduct otherwise. However, I am sure that we cannot live without good health.
 

Perhaps we need to sit down and think, is our existing values, practices and perceptions of what is green and healthy living are correct? Do we have to have a paradigm shift which could be painful and time consuming? Are you willing to undergo the pain for the future and your next generation?

Horseshoe Crab

I ve got a baby horseshoe crab from Morib yesterday. It lives happily in my garden now..

The Matrix

If you put up a "Y" axis and a "X" axis, then you will have four separate quarters like this " t ".

Then, if the "Y: axis represents "Competence" and "X" axis represents "Personality", then you will have features as follows:

1) the upper right quarters for persons high in "Competence" and "Personality".
2) the lower right quarters for persons low in "Competence" but high in "Personality"
3) the upper left quarters for persons high in "Competence" and low in "Personality"
4) the lower left quarters for persons low in "Competence" and "Personality"

So, if you have friend/ employee in the 1st quarters, treassure them.
Those in 2nd quarters, groom them.
Those in 3rd quarters, avoid them.
Those in 4th quarters, forget them.

Importance of Love

Love from Harry Porter's mother is what protects him when he is in danger

Love from the parents is what guides us when we fall in the current of life

Love from the colleagues is what drives us when we are confronted by challenges in work

Love from the children is what lighten up our lifes when we are in boredom and dilemma at home

Love from the second half is what delights us when we live in every second of our life

Ideas from Cheryl and Ada

Hearts vs World

A Chinese cliche says

Those who earns the hearts (or support) of his people will obtain his world (or soveriegnty)

Battle for Lifes

In 1992, United Nations decided to step in the Civil War in Somalia which claimed thousands lives. The warlord, General Mohamed Farrah Aidid was a highly intelligent analyst, strategist and militant mastermind with most powerful army in hands amongst his rivals at that point in time. Victims of war starved and died in tremendous number. Dead bodies were in abundance all over the country.

The ruthless warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid of the Black Sea embraced his belief that starvation and killing was the mean of unity and sustainable peace. This was true in many historical events all over the world. Seizing the humantarian supply to the refugees was a mean to earn the supply to his army with neccessities and arm. He also earned his support throughout the city of Mogadishu and majority of the other areas in Black Sea of Somalia.

On the other hand, United Nations embraced the belief of democracy is the mean of unity and sustainable peace. This was true in many historical events, too. Nevertheless, UN soilders were trained professionally and only the elites, the best of the best will be involved in special tasks.

In the attempt of the UN to capture the most powerful warlord of Black Sea on 3rd of October 1993, 160 elite soilders were sent the city of Mogadishu where the warlord inhabited. Convoy of helicopters, vehicles and fighting tools went along by the UN troop in such mission.

However, the assault had been noticed and the defendent's force had fully prepared and equiped for the arrival of the UN soilders. Battle field started with the fall of the first black hawk helicopter. To the defendents, such assault was intepreted as an invasion to their land and the saviour, the warlord of the Black Sea. To the assault, the move was for saving the civilians who were victimised, straved and killed as a result of the civil war. Eagleness for survival and anger for the loss of the love one prevailed in both sides. Even the Somalian children and women took up the arm and fought against the invaders. However, what made a difference in the battle has been analysed as follows:
1) UN troops were professionally trained and equiped with the best tool in the battle.
2) UN troops were lead by a group of military analysts and strategies who coordinated the respective forces systematically and strategically with careful and sharp consideration of the big pictures and the smallest details.
3) Adoption of superior analytical and supervisory tool and technology to closely monitor and analyse the rivals and their military actions.
4) The UN force who entered the danger zone comprised of mainly the American Delta Force, the Best of the Best in America. The hardship and challenges in their tough training has led to development of strong ties and brotherhood amongst the soilders. Unlike the rivalry forces with loose structure and unity, the brotherhood amongst the UN Delta Force led to undefeatable teamwork given the disasterous circumstance.
5) The inner strength amongst the elites in the UN force led them to self actualisation in the strange land of Mogadishu whom they did not have any advantage geographically, meteologically and in human relationship.
6) Unlike the rivals, all these disadvantages offer a disasterous ground for breakthrough and a sense of achievement in self actualisation which is indescribable and could be proud for live. Imagine, the soilders can fight with their fingers broken or bodies injured by bullets. The adrenaline level rose their physical and mental capabilities to the fullest. To them, they would rather choose to died gloriously instead of to live with dismay and regret.

Although this was the most severe fight of the US troop after the Vietnam War (1959 - 1975), the death of the American soilders has been minimised to 19 soilders in the retreat in comparison of the rivals with death reaching more than 1,000 gunmens.

Lotus grows in the muddy water. Its values originated from its ability to thrive and flourish in uninhabitable grounds to most plants. Indeed, the Lotus breaks though the muddy ground with their leafs and flowers uncontaminated by the nasty mud.

Kam Loong 1

About 200 years ago In Korea, there was a humble merchant who grew up from a poor family. His father spents years in studying Chinese language and history with an ambition to become a translator for the ancient Korean Government to their gigantic neighbour, China in the Ching Dynasty.

So, since childhood time, he learned all these from his father and earn sound proficiency in the language and history of China. However, he had a brilliant mind in business..

To be continued...

Politics

Politics - A strife of interest masquerating as a contest of principles. The conduct of public affairs for private advantage.
By Ambrose Bierse

It is indeed a process whereby group of people make decisions. Due to differences in principles, interests, opinions, impressions and perceptions, we fight among ourselves with different way of expressions, methods and strategies. Some of these way of fighting can be perceived negatively if one is in a losing position. However, truth and victory will prevail in long run if one can stay calm, analyse, strategise and execute the plans in due course. Small troop can overcome large number of rivals if they can use their geographically, meteological and psycological advantages correctly. This has been proven correct in many battles and rivalry in the history.

In life, we can never avoid political rivalry. If you put a few rats in a cage with limited food. They will fight in the similar manner, too.

Thus, political rivalry prevails everywhere. So, please learn to deal with it instead of avoiding it.